World·since 26 May·1,111 entries
The Middle East after Gaza
The Gaza war triggered a realignment of Middle Eastern power and a direct US-Iran military conflict, shifting influence toward Gulf states and Iran-aligned actors while forcing regional and European powers to negotiate security for critical maritime chokepoints under wartime conditions.
AI text how it is made
This week19 entries
State of playtoday 09:06
US-Iran Track
Trump said on 26 October it is "getting to be decision time" between a deal and renewed military action. The Wall Street Journal reports Washington has told several Gulf states to prepare for a short, intense campaign against Iran after the 3 November midterms, while Gulf states work on a multi-part deal to prevent a return to war.
Tehran wants the US blockade and oil sanctions lifted before discussing its nuclear programme. IAEA chief Rafael Grossi told the UN Security Council on 27 October that inspectors need access to all Iranian nuclear sites. The Pentagon put the war's cost at $47.1 billion by 16 October.
Saudi-Houthi War
The truce that largely held since 2022 collapsed in July. Houthi missiles hit or targeted Ras Tanura, Riyadh and Taif this week, and Egypt's parliament authorised defensive military support for the kingdom.
Diplomacy and Markets
Saudi, Turkish and Pakistani officials met Iranian officials in Tehran on 26 October and agreed to keep talking. Qatar and China are also mediating, and oil rose again on 28 October.
Next test: whether a second Tehran round happens before the 3 November US vote.
What comes next
- in 6 daysUS midterm elections, deadline of Trump's no-strike pledge on Iran
Open questions
- Will the Saudi-led offensive secure the Bab el-Mandeb coast without Houthi attacks on Saudi energy sites?
- Will Washington accept Tehran's demand to begin talks with Hormuz rather than nuclear issues?
Who is who8
Abbas Araqchi Iranian foreign minister
Says Tehran will give diplomacy another chance if Washington shows sincere commitment, and wants Hormuz, frozen oil funds and sanctions relief addressed first.
22 Oct
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Iranian military force
Says a tanker hit a mine after using an unauthorised southern route with its tracking switched off, and counts nine ships mined in the strait.
25 Oct
Donald Trump US President
Said on 26 October it is decision time between a deal with Iran and renewed military action, while the US reportedly tells Gulf states to prepare for a short campaign after the midterms.
28 Oct
Houthis Yemeni armed movement
Claimed a strike on the Ras Tanura refinery on 27 October after earlier claimed attacks on Saudi pumping stations and Riyadh's airport.
28 Oct
Saudi-led coalition Military force in Yemen
Says it intercepted three ballistic missiles and four drones on 27 October, after destroying Houthi missile-storage tunnels and launchers.
27 Oct
Abdel Fattah al-Sisi Egyptian President
Said on 17 October Egypt would take any measures necessary to defend Saudi Arabia; parliament authorised defensive military support on 26 October.
28 Oct
China Foreign ministry of China
Said on 27 October it will send special envoys to Middle Eastern countries to promote dialogue and prevent renewed fighting.
27 Oct
Benjamin Netanyahu Israeli prime minister
Told Israeli intelligence and military to seek Iran's overthrow, and exit polls gave his bloc no 61-seat majority.
28 Oct
Numbers
Amsterdam gas price (EUR/MWh)
90→97 EUR/MWh
20/10 → 26/10 · pollar.news
Promises5
Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelattykept
Egypt will provide Saudi Arabia any support it requests against Houthi attacks.
13 Oct · bloomberg.com
United Kingdomopen
Britain will deploy RAF fighter jets on defensive air patrols over Saudi Arabia.
20 Oct · ft.com
Abbas Araqchiopen
Iran will respond within days to the US proposal under which Hormuz could reopen within seven days.
9 Oct · within days · aljazeera.com
Donald Trumpopen
The US will carry out no new strikes on Iran before the 3 November midterms.
9 Oct · due 3 Nov · pollar.news
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corpsopen
The IRGC will extend its maritime enforcement measures to the entire Persian Gulf.
9 Oct · pollar.news
Chronicle1,111 entries since 26 May
26 October – 1 November9 entries · 1 key
The US has told several Gulf countries to prepare for a short, intense campaign against Iran after the 3 November midterms, the Wall Street Journal reported. Gulf states are meanwhile drafting a multi-part deal meant to prevent a return to war.
Exit polls after Israel's vote gave neither Benjamin Netanyahu's bloc nor the opposition led by Gadi Eisenkot the 61 seats needed in the 120-seat Knesset. Arab parties, with an estimated 17 to 18 seats, could decide who forms the government.
An attack caused a fire near Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia's largest oil-export terminal, early on 27 October, Bloomberg reported. The report did not name the attacker or describe the damage. Saudi-led forces separately said they intercepted three ballistic missiles and four drones.
China's Foreign Ministry said on 27 October it will send special envoys to Middle Eastern countries to promote dialogue and prevent renewed fighting over the US-Israeli conflict with Iran. The announcement followed the Tehran talks involving Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan.
The UN Commission of Inquiry published a report on 26 October finding that Israel continued genocidal acts in Gaza after the US-brokered truce, citing heavy munitions, drones, artillery and sniper fire in dense areas. Israel rejected it as a misinformation campaign.
The Amsterdam TTF benchmark rose roughly 3 to 3.5% on 26 October to its highest level since late 2022, as disrupted LNG supply through Hormuz and a rush to refill storage pushed prices up.
Egypt's parliament authorised the armed forces to support Saudi Arabia on 26 October, Reuters reported, after intensified Houthi attacks on Saudi airports, ports and energy sites. The vote could bring Cairo directly into the regional conflict.
Senior officials from Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan were due to meet Iranian officials in Tehran, Reuters reported on 26 October. Bloomberg said the aim is to defuse tensions and revive US-Iran negotiations, as Washington weighs a deal or renewed strikes.
Netanyahu said Israel has instructed its intelligence services and military to seek the overthrow of Iran's government, La Repubblica reported on 26 October. He also warned Iran could still pose a nuclear threat. No independent confirmation of a formal regime-change operation was provided.
19–25 October19 entries
Trump said no US attack on Iran would happen on 25 October, framing the choice as an agreement or military destruction. Reports say US and Israeli forces drafted plans for renewed strikes to begin after the 3 November US election.
King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh reopened terminals 1 and 2 on 25 October, more than two weeks after Houthi attacks on an adjoining complex killed 17 and wounded over 330. Saudi authorities said they intercepted a Houthi ballistic missile and drone that day.
Airstrikes killed 11 people, including four children, in Sana'a and at least four others in Hodeida province on 24 October, according to Houthi-controlled health authorities. The strikes came as the Houthis and the US remain in confrontation and Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia intensify.
The State Department reduced personnel at US embassies in Jordan, Lebanon, Qatar and the UAE on 24 October after a US intelligence memo said Iran had stepped up efforts to target Americans. The embassies stay open; Saudi Arabia faces a separate departure order.
Israel ordered a total lockdown of the West Bank on 23 October after a shooting in Hebron killed two Israeli soldiers and wounded others. The Israel Defense Forces then raided the city, adding a West Bank front to the strains on the Gaza ceasefire.
Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan was due to host counterparts from Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the UK, France and Germany in Istanbul on 23 October. The agenda covers the US-Iran war, navigation in Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb, Gaza and Yemen.
Saudi Aramco ordered the evacuation of its Dhahran headquarters, Reuters reported on 23 October, as fighting intensified around the world's largest crude exporter and the Bab el-Mandeb chokepoint. Oil prices were little changed after rising 4% the previous day.
The UAE closed all beaches and coastal areas in Umm Al Quwain after a tanker leak. Satellite imagery showed the slick had spread more than 35 km from the tanker by 21 October and was extending toward island habitats.
After talks in Doha on 22 October, President Macron and Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani urged Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, unhindered aid, freedom of navigation in Hormuz without constraints or fees, and backing for a framework to disarm Hezbollah.
Houthi attacks killed at least one person and wounded eight at a civilian airport in Dammam, and a separate drone attack killed two people at a Saudi oil field, Reuters reported on 22 October. It extends the Houthi campaign into Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province.
The State Department is preparing an ordered departure of personnel and family members from several Gulf missions over the risk of renewed fighting, Reuters reported on 21 October. The US embassy in Riyadh warned of further Houthi attacks after strikes affecting Riyadh's airport.
A Houthi missile strike on a military camp near Shabwa killed 75 Yemeni recruits and wounded more than 200, the Associated Press reported on 21 October. It is the deadliest reported attack since fighting in Yemen intensified, far above earlier tolls of at least 18.
Iran's Revolutionary Guard said a supertanker carrying more than two million barrels of crude burned after striking a mine, claiming it left the permitted corridor despite warnings. Tehran counts nine ships that have hit mines in the strait.
Brent crude rose as high as $112 a barrel on 20 October, a five-month high, while European gas on the Amsterdam exchange passed 90 euros per megawatt-hour, its highest since late 2022, as Hormuz ship attacks and Houthi strikes intensified.
Turkey submitted the Saudi-Pakistani mutual-defence agreement to its parliament for ratification, Bloomberg reported on 20 October. The pact could facilitate military assistance to Saudi Arabia as it faces Houthi attacks, widening the response beyond the Saudi-led coalition.
The UK will deploy Royal Air Force fighter jets to help defend Saudi Arabia against Houthi attacks, the Financial Times reported on 20 October. The mission is defensive air patrol, not strikes on Houthi targets, adding Britain to France in shielding Saudi territory.
The UN World Food Programme said on 19 October it will reduce planned monthly assistance in Gaza from 1.6 million to 1.1 million people because of funding shortages. It said more than two-thirds of the population face acute hunger, with 200,000 in emergency conditions.
Three Houthi ballistic missiles struck the al-Alam camp in Shabwa province on 19 October, and the Houthis called it a Saudi-backed base. Reported death tolls range from 18 to 30, the deadliest single strike in the recent escalation against Saudi-backed forces.
Iran's Revolutionary Guards said a tanker struck a mine and caught fire in the Strait of Hormuz, accusing it of using an unauthorised southern route with tracking systems off. The ship's name, flag and origin were not disclosed.
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