US removes Syria from arms export ban to review sales case by case

Revision of International Traffic in Arms Regulations

The United States Department of State has formally removed Syria from its list of countries subject to a blanket policy of denial for defense exports. Published in the Federal Register on Wednesday, 30 September 2026, the amendment modifies the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to end the automatic rejection of weapon and defense service applications. Under the updated policy taking effect on Thursday, 1 October, export licenses and import authorizations for Syrian entities will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The measure concludes decades of total bans on conventional arms trade with Damascus that originated during the government of former President Bashar al-Assad.

The official regulatory notice detailed the administrative instruction authorized by foreign policy leadership earlier in the year.

The Secretary directed the Department to codify this change by publishing an amendment to the ITAR removing Syria from the list of countries for which it is the policy of the United States to deny licenses and other approvals for exports and imports of defence articles and defence services destined for or originating in those countries.

Steps in United States diplomatic normalization

The export rule adjustment forms part of a monthslong diplomatic process led by the Trump administration to normalize engagement with the new authorities in Damascus. President Donald Trump began easing economic sanctions last year after decades of financial restrictions on the Syrian state. In February 2026, the State Department announced plans to reopen the United States Embassy in Damascus, an outpost that has been shuttered since 2012.

Diplomatic shifts accelerated in August 2026 when Secretary of State Marco Rubio rescinded Syria's long-standing designation as a state sponsor of terrorism. On 19 August 2026, Rubio approved the formal defense policy adjustments that cleared the way for the Federal Register publication. United States officials have indicated that these successive policy shifts reflect satisfaction with the governance changes undertaken in Damascus over the past two years.

Leadership transition in post-Assad Damascus

Syrian interim President Ahmad al-Sharaa assumed control of the country after rebel forces ousted Bashar al-Assad in December 2024. Al-Sharaa, a former insurgent fighter who previously led Jabhat al-Nusra and Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham while maintaining past links to al-Qaeda, has prioritized restoring bilateral ties with Western nations. His transitional administration has sought broad relief from remaining economic sanctions, asserting that international trade access is necessary to repair infrastructure damaged during the civil war.

The political transition ended more than half a century of rule by the Assad family. United States policymakers have engaged with al-Sharaa's administration to encourage civil stability in a nation long fractured by conflict and by territorial insurgency.

Regional security posture and remaining embargoes

The revision of arms export rules coincides with changing military commitments in neighboring territories. On Wednesday, 30 September 2026, United States armed forces completed their withdrawal from Iraq, creating conditions where Damascus may assume a larger responsibility in countering any resurgence of Islamic State militants. Insurgent forces had previously held substantial territory across northeast Syria and western Iraq before suffering territorial defeat.

Following Syria's formal removal from the ITAR arms denial registry, only seven countries remain subject to Washington's comprehensive arms export ban. Those designated jurisdictions are Belarus, China, Cuba, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea, and Venezuela. All future proposals for defense transactions involving Syrian buyers will undergo individual interagency review before licenses are granted.