Albania introduces fines of up to €5,500 for people staying in violent protest crowds

Fines and new police powers

On Wednesday, 28 October, the Albanian government adopted legislative measures setting fines of up to 500,000 leks, about €5,500 or US$6,130, for anyone who stays in a crowd where violence or looting occurs in a public space, or who hides their identity. The fines apply even when the person has not personally committed violent acts. Police may also temporarily restrict gatherings in certain areas, including near schools, hospitals and government buildings, where there is a risk of violence. The measures also provide for sanctions against online incitement to violence and compensation for small businesses damaged during protests. They take effect immediately, but parliament must approve them within 45 days for them to stay in force.

Maximum fine per person5,500

Average monthly salary before tax930

Maximum fine per person

5500 EUR

Average monthly salary before tax

930 EUR

Data from the article text

How the protests evolved

The movement began peacefully in May with rallies against a luxury hotel project in a nature reserve, a project backed by Jared Kushner, son-in-law of US President Donald Trump. The movement has no clear leadership. In mid-October the rallies widened into a wave of student-led protests against perceived corruption, shortcomings in the health system and the lack of prospects for young people in a country of 2.3 million people. Protesters accuse the whole political class of corruption, naming both Prime Minister Edi Rama and opposition leader Sali Berisha. Protesters are calling for Rama to resign. In the week of 19 October, opposition deputies also tried to disrupt a parliamentary vote. Albania is a candidate for EU membership.

Violence and the cost of the unrest

Clashes between security forces and protesters have in recent days escalated into pitched battles on the streets of Tirana. Demonstrators have gathered daily in the capital since mid-October. About 350 people have been injured, including police officers, and dozens of protesters have been arrested. During the confrontations some protesters attacked official buildings, and security forces used tear gas and water cannon to disperse the crowds. Official estimates put the damage caused by protests since mid-October at more than €2 million. Rama has repeatedly blamed the violence on "foreign actors" and has accused Russia and Iran of driving online disinformation, while calling for dialogue.

Parliament clash and the French model

On Sunday, 25 October, Rama said he had been inspired by a French bill that the upper house of the French parliament approved on Wednesday, which would make protesters financially liable for damage caused in street demonstrations. On Thursday, 29 October, opposition deputies lit smoke flares and signal rockets during a session of parliament in Tirana, shouting "Rama, resign!" and throwing water bottles at the prime minister. Several deputies held up photos of protesters injured by police and placards supporting the protests. Belind Kellici of the opposition Democratic Party accused Rama and his Socialist deputies of carrying on their agenda as if nothing had happened, calling it a deliberate attempt to deny the depth of the country's crisis.