Google signs 3,590 MW power deal with Constellation to expand nuclear output

Terms of the power agreement

Google and Constellation Energy announced a contract on Tuesday for 3,590 megawatts of electricity across the largest power grid in the United States. The transaction enables more than $4.3 billion of new capital investment by Constellation, aimed at expanding generation capacity across its existing regional nuclear facilities. Under the arrangement, newly added nuclear energy accounts for roughly one quarter of the total contracted volume, providing dedicated output for data center operations.

The deal is divided into two distinct commercial agreements. Google entered into a 20-year power purchase agreement covering 890 megawatts of electricity sourced from multiple upgraded Constellation nuclear plants. In parallel, Google signed a long-term supply contract for an additional 2,700 megawatts from Constellation across the PJM Interconnection territory. That larger block of power is not tied to a single generation source and provides revenue certainty for Constellation's operating fleet.

Nuclear fleet upgrades and delivery timeline

The $4.3 billion investment will finance capacity increases across 11 nuclear units situated in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Engineering upgrades will allow these existing Midwest and Mid-Atlantic reactors to generate additional electricity without constructing new facilities. Constellation and Google expect electricity from the first upgraded nuclear plant to enter service in 2028.

Headquartered in Maryland, Constellation operates the largest commercial nuclear fleet in the United States and owns a portfolio of natural-gas-fired generating stations. Company representatives indicated that adding capacity to established reactors provides a faster path to new firm power than constructing greenfield nuclear plants.

Amanda Peterson Corio, Google's global head of energy and power, outlined the company's infrastructure strategy in a statement:

We're committed to meeting our growth responsibly by actively investing in clean, reliable power that brings new capacity to our nation's grids.

Grid constraints and data center demand

The arrangement serves as a direct response to grid governance proposals in the PJM Interconnection, the regional transmission operator managing power flows across 13 states. PJM leadership recently proposed a rule requiring data center operators connected to its network to either bring their own power generation or face remote disconnection during peak electricity demand periods.

By contracting 3,590 megawatts and financing new capacity, Google seeks to satisfy PJM's policy proposal and maintain uninterrupted data center reliability. Technology firms across the United States are competing to secure large electricity volumes to support rapid computational expansions, driving direct contracts with electric utilities and power producers.

The transaction reflects a wider push toward nuclear power by technology corporations over the past two years. Constellation previously reached an agreement to restart the retired Three Mile Island reactor in Pennsylvania to supply Microsoft data centers. Google also signed a separate contract with NextEra Energy to restart a nuclear power facility in Iowa.