Ecuador's Parliament Passes Law Allowing Resource Extraction on Galapagos

Ecuador's parliament, the National Assembly, voted on Wednesday for a controversial bill named the 'Investment Law,' which is intended to radically simplify and accelerate the implementation of mining and infrastructure projects in the country. The reform, supported by the center-right government of President Daniel Noboa, is said by its proponents to aim at stimulating the economy, attracting foreign investors, and creating legal jobs as an alternative to organized crime. However, the law raises the greatest concerns regarding its potential impact on the Galapagos archipelago, one of the most valuable natural sites on Earth. The new regulations abolish some existing environmental requirements, shorten permit procedures, and guarantee foreign investors the possibility of resolving disputes before international arbitration tribunals. Although the law formally maintains the ban on extraction within the boundaries of Galapagos National Park, critics point to legal loopholes. They fear that mining investments could be conducted in the territorial waters around the islands, where rich deposits of precious metals are found, and on unprotected land areas. Such action could threaten the unique island ecosystem, which evolved in isolation and is home to endemic species such as giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and numerous bird species. The Galapagos Islands, located about 1000 km off the coast of Ecuador, played a key role in the development of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in the 19th century. For decades, they have been a symbol of global conservation efforts, and their legal and environmental status is a subject of international concern. The parliament's decision was met with immediate opposition from environmental organizations and some opposition politicians. The country has been experiencing a wave of violence related to drug cartels for months, and the government argues that new investments are necessary to provide citizens with alternative sources of income. Opponents of the law, as quoted by the German 'Spiegel,' claim that 'under the guise of fighting crime, the government is handing over the last untouched natural areas to international corporations.' The law was passed in its second and final reading. President Daniel Noboa now has 30 days to sign it. If he does, the law will come into force immediately. In case of a veto, the parliament can override it with a qualified majority. Faced with international pressure and internal protests, the head of state's decision will be crucial for the future of this exceptional natural heritage. This dispute is an example of a broader global dilemma between economic development and environmental protection. Ecuador, an economy largely dependent on oil exports, is seeking new sources of revenue. Introducing mining in a sensitive area like the waters around the Galapagos sets a precedent that could have far-reaching consequences not only for biodiversity but also for the international regime protecting world heritage. Further developments will depend on social pressure, UNESCO's stance, and potential reactions from international corporations that may deem this market too controversial.